Aesop was a Greek fabulist credited with a collection of stories known as Aesop's Fables. We feature them in our Favorite Fairy Tales. Fables feature an important moral or "life lesson" that is usually wrapped up in a clever final pronouncement delivered with proverbial flair; "There's a time for work and a time for play", "Slow and steady wins the race", "Familiarity breeds contempt", and "A kindness is never wasted". Though Aesop's own story is a result of myth and legend, it is widely believed that he was a slave from Phrygia, around 600 BC. Aesop lived at the court of King Croesus, after having served many masters as a slave. He shared his wisdom and clever wit by telling humorous tales, while serving on several missions at the pleasure of the King. There are over 150 of Aesop's Fables here for you to enjoy -- this catalog of fables is also accessible from the Children's Library. Many of Aesop's Fables illustrate the meaning of popular Idioms, figurative language and phrases that can be confusing to children and English language learners. Most of the stories in this collection have wonderful illustrations and are a a delight to enjoy with your family. We hope you take the time to share Aesop's Fables with your children and grandchildren or favorite nieces and nephews. Several Aesop stories are featured in Pre-K Read-Aloud Stories and Children's Stories If your child is too young to read, let them choose a fable by selecting one of the images below. See if they can guess what the story might be about just by looking at the picture, then read it together. Grown-ups might also like the fable parody poems by Guy Wetmore Carryl, titled Fables for the Frivolous, and George Ade's Fables in Slang.
O. Henry (1862 - 1910) was an American short story author whose real name was William Sydney Porter. Henry's rich canon of work reflected his wide-range of experiences and is distinctive for its witticism, clever wordplay, and unexpected twist endings. Like many other writers, O. Henry's early career aspirations were unfocused and he wandered across different activities and professions before he finally found his calling as a short story writer. He started working in his uncle's drugstore in 1879 and became a licensed pharmacist by the age of 19. His first creative expressions came while working in the pharmacy where he would sketch the townspeople that frequented the store. The customers reacted warmly to his drawings and he was admired for his artistry and drawing skills. O. Henry moved to Texas in March of 1882 hoping to get rid of a persistent cough that he had developed. While there, he took up residence on a sheep ranch, learned shepherding, cooking, babysitting, and bits of Spanish and German from the many migrant farmhands. He had an active social life in Austin and was a fine musician, skilled with the guitar and mandolin. Over the next several years, Porter -- as he was still known -- took a number of different jobs, from pharmacy to drafting, journalism, and banking. Here's where the twists and turns really started. Banking, in particular, was not to be O. Henry's calling; he was quite careless with his bookkeeping, fired by the bank and charged with embezzlement in 1894. His father-in-law posted bail for him, but he fled the day before the trial in 1896, first to New Orleans, then to Honduras, where there was no extradition treaty. He befriended a notorious train robber there, Al Jennings, who later wrote a book about their friendship. O. Henry sent his wife and daughter back to Texas, after which he holed up in a hotel to write his first collection of short stories, Cabbages an Kings published in 1904. He learned his wife was dying of tuberculosis and could not join him in Honduras, so he returned to Austin and turned himself in to the court. His father-in-law again posted his bail so he could remain with his wife until her death in 1897. He was sentenced and served in Federal prison in Ohio for five years from 1989-1902. During his jail time, he returned to practicing pharmacy and had a room in the hospital, never having to live in a cell. O. Henry was always a lover of classic literature, and while pursuing his many ventures, O. Henry had begun writing as a hobby. When he lost his banking position he moved to Houston in 1895 and started writing for the The Post, earning $25 per month (an average salary at this time in American history was probably about $300 a year). O. Henry collected ideas for his column by loitering in hotel lobbies and observing and talking to people there. He relied on this technique to gain creative inspiration throughout his writing career; which is a fun fact to keep in mind while reading an imaginative masterpiece of a story like Transients in Arcadia. The many twists and turns of his own life, including his travels in Latin America and time spent in prison, clearly inspired his stories' twists and wordplay. O. Henry's prolific writing period began in 1902 in New York City, where he wrote 381 short stories. He wrote one story a week for The New York World Sunday Magazine for over a year. Some of his best and least known work is contained in Cabbages and Kings, whose title was inspired by Lewis Carroll's poem, The Walrus and the Carpenter. The stories were set in a midwestern American town in which sub-plots and larger plots are interwoven in an engaging manner. His second collection of stories, The Four Million, was released in 1906. The stories are set in New York City, and the title is based on the population of the city at that time. The collection contained several short story masterpieces, including The Gift of the Magi, The Cop and the Anthem, and many others. Henry had an obvious affection for New York City and its diversity of people and places, a reverence that rises up through many of his stories. O. Henry's trademark is his witty, plot-twisting endings, and his warm characterization of the awkward and difficult situations and the creative ways people find to resolve them. His most famous short story, The Gift of the Magi, epitomizes his style. It's bout a young married couple, short on money, who wish to buy each other Christmas gifts. That problem -- their lack of funds -- finds a famously endearing and ironic resolution. The Cop and the Anthem is about A New York City hobo with a creative solution for dealing with the cold city streets during winter. Another story, A Retrieved Reformation, is about a safecracker, Jimmy Valentine, fresh from prison, whose life takes an unexpected turn while trying to come clean (or is he casing his next crime scene?) The Ransom of Red Chief, a story about two hapless kidnappers who snatch a heinous boy whose menacing ways turn the tables on them. All of O. Henry's stories are highly entertaining, whether read for pleasure or studied in classrooms around the world. In 1952, Marilyn Monroe and Charles Laughton starred in O. Henry's Full House, a film featuring five of O. Henry's short stories. The film included The Cop and the Anthem, The Clarion Call, The Last Leaf, The Ransom of Red Chief (starring Fred Allen and Oscar Levant), and The Gift of the Magi. Unfortunately, O. Henry's personal tragedy was heavy drinking. By 1908, his health had deteriorated and his writing dropped off accordingly. He died in 1910 of cirrhosis of the liver, complications of diabetes, and an enlarged heart. The funeral was held in New York City, but he was buried in North Carolina, the state where he was born. He was a gifted short story writer and left us a rich legacy of great stories to enjoy. Enjoy some illustrated Short Stories from O. Henry; click to read.
Aristotle (384 BCE - 322 BCE) was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist, one of the prominent intellectuals of Western thought who greatly influenced or founded numerous disciplines including: logic, mathematics, physics, biology, botany, metaphysics, ethics, politics. Some may not know of his many contributions to the fields of theatre, dance, medicine and agriculture, as well. He earned the nickname "The Philosopher" given to him by Thomas Aquinas, who was responsible for adopting Aristotelian philosophy in the Christian West. Aristotle established the framework for who might be considered good, Aquinas told us why people should be good. Here's a review of the pecking order of Greek philosophers: Aristotle was a student of Plato, who studied under Socrates, and Alexander the Great was a student of Aristotle, and influenced countless philosophers and theologians to follow. [Woodcut at right by T. Stimmer, 1589] For all of his contributions to philosophy and science, it is a shame that so many of Aristotle's works were lost over the centuries. Aristotle wrote as many as 200 treatises, of which only 31 survived. According to some sources, his enduring works were lecture notes, not of the quality of literature of his lost writings. As the father of the field of logic, he was the first to develop a formal system for reasoning, partnered with the scientific method. Aristotle relied on the structure rather than the content to validate his arguments, creating syllogisms. If the premises are true, then the conclusion is guaranteed to be true. Read more about Aristotle's philosophies and life.
Rabindranath Tagore (1861 - 1941) was an Indian poet, painter, novelist, short story writer, essayist, playwright and musician. He was the first non-European to win the Nobel Prize in Literature (1913). Indian literature fans may also be interested in short stories by Achmed Abdullah, Rudyard Kipling, and Indian folk tales collected by Nancy Bell.
Rising from a difficult childhood, Charles Dickens became one of the world's most famous writers. With the difficult experiences of his childhood in mind, he was also a prominent social critic and used his fiction to illuminate many of the social problems of his times. Dickens described his first eleven years as idyllic, but his father's bankruptcy brought a swift end to those days. When Dickens was twelve years old, his father was thrown into debtor's prison; and, as was customary for the times, his family joined him. He was soon boarded with a family acquaintance and found himself working ten hours a day, under cruel conditions, in a blacking factory where he was set to the task of pasting labels to pots of boot polish.